![]() Soluble dysprosium salts, chlorides and nitrates are mildly toxic if ingested. Dy fluoride and dysprosium oxide are non-flammable. However, Dy chloride fires can be contained with water. Water and the Dy may react and produce even more flammable hydrogen gas. Fires from dysprosium cannot be contained by water. Thin strips of dysprosium can also be ignited by a spark or by static electricity. –ĭysprosium in the powder form may present an explosion hazard when mixed with air and an ignition source is present. This luminescence is then measured to determine the degree of exposure to which the dosimeter has been subjected. Calcium sulfate and calcium fluoride are doped with Dy and then exposed to radiation, which excites the Dy and it becomes luminescent. Dysprosium is also used in dosimeters for measuring ion radiation. This substitution is also useful as a corrosion resistance in magnets and magnetic devices. Based on 2 million units per year, this would eat up the available supply of the metal rather quickly.ĭysprosium substitutes have been implemented and are more readily available. Though Dy could be a source of energy for hybrid electric vehicles, it is not feasible as it would take as much as 3.5 ounces of Dy per hybrid car. Dysprosium is also used in a variety of data storage applications, such as compact discs, for its magnetic behavior. 100 tons of dysprosium is produced worldwide yearly.Dysprosium is used, along with other elements such as vanadium, for making laser materials.ĭysprosium cadmium compounds are a good source of infrared radiation that is useful in the study of chemical reactions. After another firing procedure using a helium chamber, the Dy can be separated from any impurities within it when cooled down. It is isolated from the sand along with other rare metals and then removed magnetically or by a flotation method. The main source of Dy comes from monazite sand. It is also found in rare erbium and holmium. –ĭysprosium is not encountered freely in nature, but is found in several minerals, including xenotime, fergusonite, gadolinite, euxenite, polycrase, blomstrandine, monazite and bastn site. Dysprosium was not isolated in its pure form until the invention of ion exchange procedures in the 1950s. Upon succeeding, he named the element dysprosium from the Greek word dysprositos, meaning “hard to get”. He attempted to isolate the Dy from the oxide, doing so after 30 attempts. All of these isomers have half-lives of less than 200 millionths of a second (28 nanoseconds).ĭysprosium was discovered in 1886 when French chemist Paul mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran was working with holmium oxide. There at least 11 meta-stable isomers that range in atomic weight from 140 to 165. The next most stable isotope is dysprosium-159 with a mere half-life of 144.4 days. Of the synthesized isotopes, dysprosium-154 is the most stable with a half-life of 3×106 years. These range in atomic weight from 138 to 173. 29 radioisotopes have also been synthesized. Of all the isotopes, dysprosium-164 is the most abundant, followed by dysprosium-162. All of which are stable, though dysprosium-156 is by far the most stable with a half-life of more than 1×1018 years. Most of the its compounds are soluble in water, except for Dy carbonate and Dy oxalate.Dysprosium in nature has 7 known isotopes. –ĭy oxide, which is found in powder form, is much more magnetic than iron oxide. ![]() The metal also reacts immensely with all halogens above 392 degrees F. The reaction time is quicker in warmer water and slower in cold water. Dy hydroxide is formed when it makes contact with water. ![]() Its metals tarnish slowly in open air and when burned, form Dy oxide. Its magnetic qualities increase in low temperatures, especially at temperatures lower than -306 degrees Fahrenheit. It is typically used only in research as it oxidizes quite easily.ĭysprosium has the highest magnetic strength along with holmium. Impurities can greatly affect the characteristics of dysprosium. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife, and is easily machined without danger if overheating is avoided. Dy salts are mildly toxic in the liquid state, while solid dysprosium in non-toxic. It was first identified in 1886, but its pure form was not isolated until the use of ion exchange instruments were developed in the 1950s. It is not found freely in nature, but is found in various minerals, especially xenotime. This rare earth element has a metallic, bright silver luster. Is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66.
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